south sudan conflict 2020

History of the South Sudan conflict. March 2020 Monthly Forecast. South Sudan + 3 more. The country office is also supporting the vaccination activities in the country, specifically providing support to the government with transportation of the vaccines to the respective states where CARE is operational. The majority of recent forest loss in South Sudan has occurred in Western Equatoria along the border with the DRC. This case study features the loss of several hundred hectares of primary forest within the Okapi Wildlife Reserve, a World Heritage Site in the Ituri forest, but with a history of industrial-scale and artisanal gold mining. As such, there are surely lessons to be learnt so that when peace arrives in other locations, it too is not accompanied by an acceleration of deforestation and the seeding of further insecurity. A 2017 paper by the Central African Forest Initiative stated that the DRC has had “historically low deforestation compared to the rest of the world”. South Sudan should be a country full of hope eight years after gaining independence. This pattern mirrors that of other countries emerging from conflict, which often see sharp increases in deforestation. Myanmar has reserves of the most valuable ancient teak on the planet, used for the luxury yachts of billionaire clients. It should be noted that this relationship is not just an issue relevant to Vietnam, but also to many other post-conflict locations, where landmines and explosive remnants of war may be protecting globally significant primary forests. They found that approximately 1.6 million trees had been removed in Senegal and smuggled into The Gambia between 2012 and 2020 – a trade largely controlled by the MFDC rebel group,8 but also enabled by the Senegalese army, high level Gambian officials, shipping lines and Chinese timber traders. That said, this is not a unique outcome, with a similar pattern seen in Nepal, Sri Lanka, Ivory Coast and Peru. c) A zoom into the example case area, showing deforestation alerts within the Nukak National Nature Reserve, also with the intact forest landscapes layer – showing the case area was classified as intact forest. The public release of the high-resolution satellite imagery, as funded by NICFI, will help to plug this data gap over the coming years via academic, NGO and citizen monitoring efforts. The country with the largest absolute change in forest loss area was Angola – where an additional 163,000 football pitches were lost compared to 2019 – followed by the DRC, and Colombia. In short, no. The violence, however, comes on the heels of the formation of a new government in South Sudan, one intended to bring an end to a civil war that began in … This comes in the wake of hugely increased deforestation rates in 2019 and 2020, when logging rates were unsustainable and vastly underreported by the government. The conflict has impacted tree cover via direct attacks – for example, it is reported that half a million olive trees have been destroyed since March 2018. CARE has local staff in place, established partnerships, and an emergency response team, which can be deployed where needed to support scale-up. Based on the woody biomass lost in tropical areas only, this amounts to approximately 1.1 mega tonnes of CO. In reality, the situation is likely to be complex, perhaps following different narratives entirely. The primary cause of forest loss in DRC is weak governance – there is no national plan to combat deforestation – and this is a status that has arisen out of the continuous state of conflict in the country since the mid-1990s. The volume includes studies of prison gangs, girls in gangs, and pro-government groups; it also features case studies from Ecuador and Southern Sudan. Become a monthly donor today. South Sudan gained independence in July 2011 but descended into conflict roughly two-and-a-half years later, following irreconcilable tensions between President Salva Kiir and his deputy, Riek […] Furthermore, social leaders, NGOs, park rangers and corporations are targets of intimidation and violence. The Tigray conflict has raged since November 2020, when long-standing tensions between the … CARE is currently responding to flood displacement in a number of communities and our staff stands ready to add more services and locations as resources permit. In September, hot spots of conflict include Lainya and Juba counties of Central Equatoria, where nearly 40,000 people have been internally displaced since August. These drivers are diverse, but common amongst them is that they are allowed to flourish in a weak institutional environment, and are often rooted in socio-economic hardship. Your monthly support will save lives. The conflict between those in support of Kiir and those loyal to Machar, lead to an ethnic conflict between the Nuer ethnic group supporting Machar and the Dinka ethnic group supporting Kiir. Further, there have been investigations into European companies evading EU laws to obtain illicit timber and avoid tax.3. More in-depth research is required to map the conflict-deforestation relationship in more detail, in order to break the link by promoting economic alternatives to deforestation in conflict areas. © 2021 Conflict and Environment Observatory | Charity No: 1174115 | Design by, Log stores along the Congo river near Kinshasa, -4.32° Latitude, 15.5° Longitude, January 2020. It’s a contractual job and the work place of the job is Juba (Roving). Falling global oil prices have reduced government revenues by 40%, increasing the fiscal deficit to 4.9% of GDP in 2020 from 2.5% in 2019. Searching for Charlie is his epic quest to unravel the real Charles Upham."--Provided by publisher. The alerts automatically compare recent and historical satellite data to identify areas where the forest canopy has been disturbed. In 2020, there was a sharp increase in forest loss in most conflict-affected countries, which in some can be tentatively linked to COVID-19, either through economic hardship or organised crime taking advantage of distracted institutions. During the conflict, coca financed wages and weapons for the FARC and ELN,7 and for paramilitaries. Data from the University of Maryland Global Forest Loss v1.8, processed in Google Earth Engine. 19 February – Locust swarms spread from Uganda to South Sudan. When the Sudanese civil war reaches his village in 1985, 11-year-old Salva becomes separated from his family and must walk with other Dinka tribe members through southern Sudan, Ethiopia and Kenya in search of safe haven. President Salva Kiir and Riek Machar , the rebel leader who is now first vice president, reached a deal to form a unity government in February but remain at odds over issues including who will govern the country’s 10 internal states. Nonetheless, in general forests across conflict-affected areas can be protected by changing value systems, from timber to alternative livelihoods, or sustainable harvesting, for example of non-wood forest products, all underpinned by community management and NbS. Reviews of the global forest dynamics can be found elsewhere, but in this report we focus on conflict areas and summarise the losses and trends. Vietnam has built relationships with international partners and was an early adaptor of the UN REDD+ programme in 2008 and, whilst the success has been mixed and the business case unproven, in 2018 the country became eligible for payments. One million children will suffer from severe malnutrition this year and could die without help. However, there are instances of continued payments even where forest areas have declined, and these threaten to undermine the system. CDT, Infographics By Andrea Carboni 4 June 2020. Found insideAs Tim Glawion observes, however, while people do experience insecurity in some parts of conflict-affected countries, in other areas they live in relative security. But it does have strong links with China, which was the country’s sole international backer prior to democratisation, and a continuation and amplification of Belt and Road projects is expected. In this case study, satellite fire hotspot data indicates that fire was also used in the clearance process. Found insideHis searing reporting in this book brings alive the suffering of a country that the United States, midwife to its birth, has largely forgotten.” ―Adam Hochschild, author of King Leopold’s Ghost and Mirror at Midnight A legacy from the Vietnam War, an estimated 800,000 tons of unexploded ordnance (UXO: landmines, bombs, cluster munitions, and abandoned ammunition) remains uncleared over 6 million ha, accounting for 19% of the country’s total area. UN experts say pattern of years of extreme violations in South Sudan must be reversed 9 March 2020 English. By the end of 2020 though, it was reported that deforestation had surged during COVID-19, and in areas far away from main roads and urban centres. There are plans afoot to drain the peatlands for oil extraction, and tenders have recently been released for 19 oil blocks in the forest. The Maryland data suggests nearly 15% of the forest loss in 2020 was of primary forests, up 6% on 2019 and reversing the trend of decreasing primary forest loss since 2016. This includes both industrial and artisanal mining, to which swathes of forest are lost, and which, according to refugee testament, has changed the shape of violence in the country following the Congo wars. Jesse Zink has written a must-read for all interested in the ongoing crises in Africa and, in particular, the vexed relationship between civil war and religion. Nonetheless, the plantations – especially when managed by smallholders in an efficient way – can sustain livelihoods and help reduce pressures on native forests. The ongoing deforestation is reported to be disorganised and chaotic – a far cry from past criminal syndicates – but many forest monitors are either in hiding, on the run, or part of the civil disobedience movement. Vietnam also receives finance from USAID for the PFES scheme, signed reforestation pledges at COP18, and recently unlocked money from the World Bank to reduce forest carbon emissions. Vietnam has been quick to engage with the international community, with the high-level aim that its forestry is sustainable, and was progressive at the time in acting to create Protected Areas. Qualitatively PFES has increased forest quality, according to local perceptions, but quantitatively it has made little difference to forest area – although deforestation moderately declines where more organisations are involved. Fighting has resulted in forest loss primarily through illegal charcoal burning by those it has displaced, but also via the illegal, armed and unsustainable trading of timber by foreign firms.4. Linkedin Twitter Envelope. Zimbabwe, Sudan, and South Sudan saw spikes in hyperinflation and currency depreciation that were kindled by years of political mismanagement, further aggravating levels of food insecurity. It is for this reason that although the deforestation appears relatively small in the drier conflict countries, the recent increases are particularly noteworthy. South Sudan and its people continue to reel from the impacts of years of conflict, violence and limited of development investment. Not all the countries in this table are considered in this report, this includes Ukraine, where near Luhansk the deforestation increase in 2020 was stark – up 428% on 2019. 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